Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the suitability of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) concrete for structural applications and
durability. The study characterize the physical and chemical properties of PKS to determine its suitability as a
construction material. Various mix proportions were prepared by partially replacing coarse aggregates with PKS (i.e.,
20%, 30%, and 40%). The fresh and hardened properties of the PKS concrete were evaluated. These include
workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength. Furthermore, the durability properties of PKS concrete were
assessed through tests evaluating its resistance to water absorption, and acid attack. The study found that normal
concrete had the highest compressive strength across all curing periods, while PKS concrete showed a decrease in
strength as the PKS content increased, with 40% PKS exhibiting the lowest values. The density of PKS concrete
decreased with higher PKS content, making it lighter than normal concrete. Tensile strength also decreased with
increasing PKS content, with normal concrete outperforming PKS concrete. PKS concrete absorbed more water than
normal concrete, indicating higher porosity, and was less resistant to acid attack compared to normal concrete. PKS
concrete is a lightweight and eco-friendly material but has lower mechanical strength, higher water absorption, and
reduced acid resistance compared to normal concrete, necessitating further research to optimize its properties for
structural use.