Abstract

This research looks into Using renewable energy sources like wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is crucial to achieving a sustainable, low-carbon energy future. These systems are becoming more and more feasible because of their scalability and affordability. However, because of their intrinsic unpredictability, it is difficult to manage energy distribution, balance supply and demand, and preserve grid stability. Advanced control technologies including Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), energy storage systems (ESS), and artificial intelligence (AI) can help wind and solar PV work together to maximize power generation, reduce waste, and improve grid resilience. Nigeria's energy landscape offers insights on the unrealized promise of renewable energy, especially in areas that continue to rely on fossil fuels. The study also looks at modern control strategies, such as machine learning and AI-based energy management, to reduce intermittency and increase operational effectiveness. The findings demonstrate how different technologies must be integrated in order to create a reliable and sustainable energy system.