Abstract

This study aims to estimate the generation rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Calabar Metropolis using a model based on both waste quantity and composition. The primary objective is to evaluate the MSW generation rate in Calabar for the year 2024 and provide projections up to 2060 to inform effective waste management planning. To achieve this, the study employs the Load-Count Analysis method to compute the number of individual waste loads and their corresponding characteristics, alongside the Material Balance Analysis method to categorize waste into distinct components, including putrescible waste, plastics, paper, textiles, metal, glass, and others, using specific tonnage values. These methods collectively allow for an accurate evaluation of waste generation rates. The findings indicate that the per capita waste generation rate for 2024 is 2.19 kg per capital per day, based on an estimated population of 685,000 people, compared to 0.79 kg per capita per day in 2012, when the population was 449,057. This represents a 2.5% increase in waste generation over the period. The composition of the waste reflects factors such as consumption patterns, cultural habits, and waste management infrastructure. The study reveals the following waste composition: putrescibles (35%, 124,164.26 tons), plastics (14%), paper (12%), textiles (10%), metals (8%), glass (10%), and other materials (11%, 39,023.05 tons). Monthly waste generation is estimated at 123,300 tons, with an annual total of 1,500,150 tons. Projections for waste generation from January 2024 to December 2060 suggest a cumulative total of 55,505,550 tons over the next 37 years. The database generated as part of this study (Appendices) provides a crucial tool for strategic planning, resource allocation, and future research aimed at optimizing waste reduction efforts, enhancing public health, and promoting environmental sustainability in Calabar Metropolis.